The Arctic was named after the constellations Ursa Major and Ursa Minor, from the Greek "arktos" — bear. Unlike Antarctica, the Arctic is not as cold. In summer, on the southern outskirts the air temperature reaches positive values. The Arctic is the most vulnerable region to global warming; the area of Arctic ice has decreased by approximately 70% over the past 50 years. Approximately 4 million people live in the Arctic. Most are representatives of the indigenous peoples of Russia, Canada and the USA, who still lead a lifestyle close to the traditional one.

Here you can observe the polar night, polar day and the most amazing natural phenomenon — the northern lights. Itis caused by the solar wind — a stream of ionized particles emanating from the Sun at a speed of 300−1200 km/s. When these particles reach the Earth’s magnetic field, they merge with the atmosphere and paint it with colorful stripes. In this case, the color depends on the type of gas particles. The pale green glow, for example, comes from oxygen molecules floating at an altitude of about 100 km from the Earth’s surface.